下半年《物理化学实验》-化学与材料科学学院

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-

import os
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
os.chdir(os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0])

# 数据
data = [
    [9.676E-6, 415.87433],
    [1.497E-5, 672.01069],
    [2.05E-5, 981.46341],
    [2.48E-5, 1216.93548],
    [2.85E-5, 1410.87719],
    [3.42E-5, 1470.76023]
]

x, y = zip(*data)

# 拟合数据
coefs = np.polyfit(x, y, 1)
fit_func = np.poly1d(coefs)

# 绘图
plt.scatter(x, y, color='tab:blue', label='Data Points')
plt.plot(x, fit_func(x), color='tab:red', label=f'Fit: y = {coefs[0]:.4f}x + {coefs[1]:.4f}')
plt.xlabel(r'$c \times \frac{\Lambda_m}{c^{\ominus}}$')
plt.ylabel(r'$\frac{1}{\Lambda_m}$')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)

# 保存到本地
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("result.jpg", dpi=300)
plt.show()

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% 数据
data = [
    9.676E-6, 415.87433;
    1.497E-5, 672.01069;
    2.05E-5, 981.46341;
    2.48E-5, 1216.93548;
    2.85E-5, 1410.87719;
    3.42E-5, 1470.76023
];

x = data(:, 1);
y = data(:, 2);

% 拟合数据
fit_result = polyfit(x, y, 1);
fit_x = linspace(min(x), max(x), 100);  % 为拟合线生成x值
fit_y = polyval(fit_result, fit_x);

% 绘图
figure;
scatter(x, y, 'b', 'DisplayName', 'Data Points');
hold on;
plot(fit_x, fit_y, 'r', 'DisplayName', sprintf('Fit: y = %.4fx + %.4f', fit_result(1), fit_result(2)));
xlabel('c \times \Lambda_m / c^\o');
ylabel('1/\Lambda_m');
legend();
grid on;

% 保存到本地
filename = 'C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\result.jpg';
print(gcf, '-djpeg', sprintf('-r%d', 300), filename);

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(* 数据 *)
data = {
    {9.676*10^-6, 415.87433},
    {1.497*10^-5, 672.01069},
    {2.05*10^-5, 981.46341},
    {2.48*10^-5, 1216.93548},
    {2.85*10^-5, 1410.87719},
    {3.42*10^-5, 1470.76023}
};

(* 拟合数据 *)
fit = Fit[data, {1, x}, x];
coeffs = CoefficientList[fit, x];

(* 格式化拟合方程文本 *)
fitText = "Fit: y = " <> ToString[N[coeffs[[2]]]] <> " x + " <> ToString[N[coeffs[[1]]]];

(* 绘图 *)
plot1 = ListPlot[data, PlotStyle -> {Blue, PointSize[0.015]}];
plot2 = Plot[fit, {x, 9.676*10^-6, 3.42*10^-5}, PlotStyle -> Red];

combinedPlot = Show[plot1, plot2, 
    AxesLabel -> {
        "c \[Times] \[CapitalLambda]\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(m\), \(\(c\)\(^\)\(\[CircleMinus]\)\)]\)", 
        "1/\[CapitalLambda]\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(m\), \(\(c\)\(^\)\(\[CircleMinus]\)\)]\)"
    },
    GridLines -> Automatic,
    Epilog -> Text[fitText, {2.5*10^-5, 900}]
];

(* 保存到指定的路径 *)
Export["C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\result.jpg", combinedPlot, ImageResolution -> 300];

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using Printf
using Plots
using LsqFit
using LaTeXStrings

# 数据
data = [
    9.676E-6  415.87433;
    1.497E-5  672.01069;
    2.05E-5   981.46341;
    2.48E-5  1216.93548;
    2.85E-5  1410.87719;
    3.42E-5  1470.76023
]

x = data[:, 1]
y = data[:, 2]

# 定义拟合模型
@. model(x, p) = p[1] * x + p[2]

# 初始参数猜测
p0 = [1.0, 1.0]

# 使用最小二乘法拟合数据
fit = curve_fit(model, x, y, p0)

# 获取拟合参数
coefs = fit.param

# 格式化拟合参数为字符串
coefs_str = string(@sprintf("%.4f", coefs[1]), "x + ", @sprintf("%.4f", coefs[2]))

# 绘图
scatter(x, y, color=:blue, label="Data Points", grid=true)
plot!(x, model(x, coefs), color=:red, label="Fit: y = $coefs_str", grid=true)
xlabel!(L"c \times \frac{\Lambda_m}{c^{\ominus}}")
ylabel!(L"\frac{1}{\Lambda_m}")

# 保存到本地
savefig("C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\result.png")

# 显示图形
display(current())

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 数据
data = """
2.28    9.684
4.07    9.411
6.68    6.816
8.82    4.47
10.82   3.202
12.82   2.31
14.82   1.486
17.08   0.686
19.06   0.1
22.05   -0.638
25.06   -1.24
28.03   -1.713
31.1    -2.099
34.05   -2.411
37.05   -2.662
40.2    -2.864
45.03   -3.107
50.05   -3.278
55.02   -3.391
"""

# 解析数据
lines = data.strip().split("\n")
x, y = zip(*[map(float, line.split()) for line in lines])

# 绘图
plt.plot(x, y, color='tab:red', label='Line through Data Points')
plt.scatter(x, y, color='tab:blue', label='Data Points')
plt.xlabel('t/min')
plt.ylabel(r'$\alpha$' + '/°')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)

# 保存为300dpi的图像
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\pic1.jpg", dpi=300)

# 显示图形
plt.show()

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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
os.chdir(os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0])

# 数据
data = """
2.28    2.57322
4.07    2.55218
6.68    2.3263
8.82    2.0661
10.82   1.891
12.82   1.74641
14.82   1.59127
17.08   1.41342
19.06   1.2596
22.05   1.02461
25.06   0.78116
28.03   0.53708
31.1    0.28141
34.05   0.01292
37.05   -0.27181
40.2    -0.57982
"""

# 解析数据
lines = data.strip().split("\n")
x, y = zip(*[map(float, line.split()) for line in lines])

# 使用numpy进行线性拟合
coefs = np.polyfit(x, y, 1)
fit_func = np.poly1d(coefs)

# 绘图
plt.scatter(x, y, color='tab:blue', label='Data Points')
plt.plot(x, fit_func(x), color='tab:red', label=f'Fit: y = {coefs[0]:.4f}x + {coefs[1]:.4f}')
plt.xlabel('t/min')
plt.ylabel(r'ln($\alpha$-$\alpha_{\infty}$)/°')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)

# 保存为300dpi的图像
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("pic2.jpg", dpi=300)

# 显示图形
plt.show()

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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam
import os
os.chdir(os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0])

# 数据
data = """
2.28    2.57322
4.07    2.55218
6.68    2.3263
8.82    2.0661
10.82   1.891
12.82   1.74641
14.82   1.59127
17.08   1.41342
19.06   1.2596
22.05   1.02461
25.06   0.78116
28.03   0.53708
31.1    0.28141
34.05   0.01292
37.05   -0.27181
40.2    -0.57982
"""

# 解析数据
lines = data.strip().split("\n")
x, y = zip(*[map(float, line.split()) for line in lines])

# 转换数据为Keras所需的numpy数组形式
x = np.array(x)
y = np.array(y)
x = x.reshape(-1, 1)  # 重塑x为2D数组以匹配Keras输入需求

# 建立模型
model = Sequential([
    Dense(1, input_shape=(1,), activation='linear')  # 一个神经元，线性激活函数
])
model.summary()  # 查看模型结构

# 编译模型
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(learning_rate=0.1), loss='mse')

# 训练模型
history = model.fit(x, y, epochs=1000, verbose=0)  # 训练过程不显示

# 获取模型权重（斜率）和偏置（截距）
weights = model.get_weights()
slope = weights[0][0,0]
intercept = weights[1][0]

# 使用模型进行预测
y_pred = model.predict(x)

# 绘图
plt.scatter(x, y, color='tab:blue', label='Data Points')
plt.plot(x, y_pred, color='tab:red', label=f'Fit: y = {slope:.4f}x + {intercept:.4f}')
plt.xlabel('t/min')
plt.ylabel(r'ln($\alpha$-$\alpha_{\infty}$)/°')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)

# 保存为300dpi的图像
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("pic2_ml.jpg", dpi=300)

# 显示拟合曲线
plt.show()

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% 数据
data = [
    2.28, 9.684;
    4.07, 9.411;
    6.68, 6.816;
    8.82, 4.47;
    10.82, 3.202;
    12.82, 2.31;
    14.82, 1.486;
    17.08, 0.686;
    19.06, 0.1;
    22.05, -0.638;
    25.06, -1.24;
    28.03, -1.713;
    31.1, -2.099;
    34.05, -2.411;
    37.05, -2.662;
    40.2, -2.864;
    45.03, -3.107;
    50.05, -3.278;
    55.02, -3.391;
];

% 提取x和y
x = data(:, 1);
y = data(:, 2);

% 绘图
figure;
plot(x, y, '-r', 'DisplayName', 'Line through Data Points');
hold on; % 保持当前图形
scatter(x, y, 'blue', 'DisplayName', 'Data Points');
xlabel('t/min');
ylabel('\alpha/°');
legend;
grid on;

% 保存为300dpi的图像
print('C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\pic1.jpg','-djpeg','-r300');

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% 数据
data = [
    2.28, 2.57322;
    4.07, 2.55218;
    6.68, 2.3263;
    8.82, 2.0661;
    10.82, 1.891;
    12.82, 1.74641;
    14.82, 1.59127;
    17.08, 1.41342;
    19.06, 1.2596;
    22.05, 1.02461;
    25.06, 0.78116;
    28.03, 0.53708;
    31.1, 0.28141;
    34.05, 0.01292;
    37.05, -0.27181;
    40.2, -0.57982;
];

% 提取x和y
x = data(:, 1);
y = data(:, 2);

% 使用MATLAB的polyfit进行线性拟合
coefs = polyfit(x, y, 1);
fit_values = polyval(coefs, x);

% 绘图
figure;
scatter(x, y, 'blue', 'DisplayName', 'Data Points');
hold on;
plot(x, fit_values, 'red', 'DisplayName', sprintf('Fit: y = %.4fx + %.4f', coefs(1), coefs(2)));
xlabel('t/min');
ylabel('ln(\alpha-\alpha_{\infty})/°');
legend;
grid on;

% 保存为300dpi的图像
print('C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\pic2.jpg','-djpeg','-r300');

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from PIL import Image

def whiten_background(image_path, output_path, threshold=150):
    # 打开图像
    with Image.open(image_path) as img:
        # 转换为灰度
        gray_img = img.convert("L")
        
        # 加载图像数据
        pixels = gray_img.load()
        
        # 获取图像的宽度和高度
        width, height = gray_img.size
        
        # 遍历每个像素
        for x in range(width):
            for y in range(height):
                # 如果像素值大于阈值，则设置为白色
                if pixels[x, y] > threshold:
                    pixels[x, y] = 255

        # 保存修改后的图像
        gray_img.save(output_path)

# 使用这个函数，输入你的图像路径和输出路径
whiten_background("组成.jpg", "组成新.jpg")

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import PchipInterpolator

# Data for Sn-Bi phase diagram
composition = [0, 15, 25, 42, 55, 70, 85, 100]  # Bi composition in percentage
melting_points = [231, 213, 189, 161, 134, 182, 226, 271]  # Melting temperatures

# Plotting the phase diagram
plt.figure()
plt.grid()
plt.plot(composition, melting_points, marker='o', color='tab:blue')
plt.title('Sn-Bi Phase Diagram', fontsize=14)
plt.xlabel(r'$\omega_{\mathrm{Bi}}/\%$', fontsize=12)  # Bi as subscript
plt.ylabel('T/°C', fontsize=12)
plt.xticks(fontsize=12)
plt.yticks(fontsize=12)

# Save the figure
plt.savefig('python1.jpg', dpi=300)
plt.show()

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import linregress
import os
os.chdir(os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0])

# Data for the plot
length = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0])  # L/cm
voltage = np.array([18, 22, 28, 32, 36, 42])  # E/V

# Linear regression to find the best fit line
slope, intercept, r_value, p_value, std_err = linregress(length, voltage)
line = slope * length + intercept

# Plotting the data and the fit line
plt.figure()
plt.grid()
plt.plot(length, voltage, marker='o', linestyle='', color='tab:blue')
plt.plot(length, line, color='tab:orange', label=f'Fit: E = {slope:.2f}L + {intercept:.2f}')
plt.title('Voltage vs. Length', fontsize=14)
plt.xlabel('L/cm', fontsize=12)
plt.ylabel('E/V', fontsize=12)
plt.xticks(fontsize=12)
plt.yticks(fontsize=12)
plt.legend(loc='upper right', fontsize=14)

# Save the figure
plt.savefig('python2.jpg', dpi=300)
plt.show()

# Print the linear equation and R-squared value
print(f"Linear Equation: E = {slope:.2f}L + {intercept:.2f}")
print(f"R-squared: {r_value**2:.3f}")